Oncology Department कैंसर विभाग

Oncology

Oncology is the branch of medicine focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. It encompasses a wide range of specialties including medical, surgical, and radiation oncology. Oncologists are medical professionals who specialize in cancer care, employing various techniques like chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy.

What is Oncology?

• Definition: Oncology is the study and treatment of cancer.
• Etymology: The word "oncology" comes from the Greek word "onkos," meaning tumor, mass, or bulk.
• Scope: Oncology encompasses cancer research, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and the management of cancer survivors.

Key Areas within Oncology:

• Medical Oncology: This involves the use of drugs like chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies to treat cancer.
• Surgical Oncology: This focuses on treating cancer through surgery, including removing tumors and related tissues.
• Radiation Oncology: This involves using radiation therapy to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
• Hematology Oncology: This specializes in cancers of the blood, such as leukemia and lymphoma.
• Gynecologic Oncology: This focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system.
• Pediatric Oncology: This deals with cancer in children.

The Role of an Oncologist

• Diagnosis: Oncologists play a crucial role in diagnosing cancer through various tests and procedures.
• Treatment Planning: They develop personalized treatment plans based on the type and stage of cancer, considering factors like the patient's overall health.
• Treatment Delivery: Oncologists oversee the delivery of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.
• Monitoring: They closely monitor patients during and after treatment to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and manage any side effects.
• Research: Many oncologists are involved in cancer research to advance treatment options and improve patient outcomes.

Cancer Statistics:

• Cancer is a major global health concern, being the second leading cause of death worldwide.
In 2018, it was estimated that cancer was responsible for 9.6 million deaths. Approximately 70% of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries